1/28/2024 0 Comments Serosanguineous exudate![]() ![]() ![]() It can identify pericardial effusions possibly with fibrinous strands as well as complications, such as cardiac tamponade or impaired diastolic function indicating pericardial constriction 2,3. EchocardiographyĮchocardiography is the first-line imaging modality in the diagnosis and monitoring of therapy in the setting of acute pericarditis. pericardial thickening, possibly calcification, no effusion, septal flattening and other features of pericardial constriction in the constrictive stageĬhest x-ray might show an abnormal cardiac silhouette and pleural effusions 3.pericardial thickening and thick fibrinous fluid in the absorptive stage.serosanguineous pericardial effusion in the effusive stage.signs of pericarditis without effusion in the dry stage.Imaging characteristics of tuberculous pericarditis are also subject to the stage and include 2: direct contiguous spread (least common).The spread of tubercle bacilli to the pericardium can happen in the following ways 2-4: Other options for early diagnosis are the detection of unstimulated interferon-γ (uIFN-γ) levels or lysozyme levels in the pericardial exudate 1,3,4. Tuberculous pericarditis is considered probable if there is evidence of pericarditis with tuberculosis elsewhere in the body, a lymphocytic pericardial exudate with increased adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity or good response to antituberculous therapy 2,3. pericardial calcifications with cardiac encasement and impairment of diastolic fillingĭiagnosis is considered definite on detection of tubercle bacilli in the pericardial fluid or and/or on the pericardial histology section or by the detection of caseating granulomas.constrictive scarring of the fibrosing visceral and parietal pericardium.pericardial thickening due to fibrin deposition and collagen formation.absorption of effusion and organization of the granulomatous caseation.lymphocytic exudates with serosanguineous effusion.predominant fibrinous exudation, leukocytosis and abundant mycobacteria.Tuberculous pericarditis can be d categorized into the following pathological stages 2,3: constrictive symptoms or symptoms of left and right-sided heart failure including dyspnea, orthopnea, fatigability, ascites and peripheral edemaĬomplications of tuberculous pericarditis include 1-4:.additional coexisting visceral constriction causing an effusive-constrictive pattern.compressive pericardial fluid causing signs and symptoms of heart failure.chest pain and pericardial friction rub.On the ECG, non-specific ST-segment and T-wave changes may be seen 2,3.Ĭlinical manifestation might also differ subject to the stages 2,3: tuberculous pericarditis is associated with tuberculosis elsewhereĬlinical symptoms can be insidious and non-specific including fever, fatigue, night sweats and weight loss as well as chest pain, dyspnea and cough.countries in which tuberculosis is endemic.Risk factors for tuberculous pericarditis are 1: ![]() Tuberculous pericarditis is found in all ages and men are more frequently affected than women 1. Tuberculous pericarditis makes up for ≤4% of pericardial disease in developed countries but is the major cause of pericardial effusions in developing countries where TB is endemic and by far the most frequent cause of pericardial effusions in HIV patients 1-4. ![]()
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